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+======  Cincinnati Northern Model Railroad Club, Inc.  ======
+<WRAP center box 15%>
+===== By-Laws =====
+</WRAP>
+====ARTICLE I - MEMBERSHIP====
+===SECTION 1.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Regular Active Membership   shall be as defined in [[constitution#consII1A|Article II, Section 1A ]] of the Constitution,
+and such other provisions of these By-Laws as may   apply. (Revised   March 1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 2.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Junior Active   Membership shall be as defined in ,[[constitution#consII1B| Article II Section 1B]] of the Constitution and such
+other provisions of  these By-Laws   as may   apply. In addition, Junior   Members  must obtain   and
+maintain the   sponsorship  of a Regular   Active Member     and must   submit, prior to election  to
+membership,   a statement of responsibility signed by their parent or guardian accepting responsibility
+for all actions of the Junior Member while on  Club property or while engaged     anywhere on a  Club
+sponsored project. In addition, Junior  Members  can obtain a key to the club with the approval of the
+Board of Directors.   (Revised  January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 3.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+As a requisite for  maintenance of Regular Active or Junior Active   membership in good standing, all
+such members  will be  required to participate in not less than three-fourths, (3/4), of all sanctioned
+club activities during a calendar year. This three-fourths, (3/4), rule does not apply when a written
+letter of intent stating the member will be absent for a specific period of time is given to the Member-
+At-Large for action by the Board of  Directors. All other conditions of the By-laws must also be met.
+(Revised January   1995)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 4.===
+Inactive Members shall attain inactive status as follows:
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+       A.   The member shall apply to the Board of Directors for Inactive Status in writing, fully
+            explaining the reasons for the request.  (Revised  January 1995)
+       B.   The Board of Directors shall consider the request based upon compelling  reasons such
+            as extended absence, illness, interference with job responsibilities, but not limited to
+            the foregoing.  (Revised  March  1977)
+       C.   If, in the opinion of the Board of Directors the request is warranted, and by surrendering
+            all club property and by paying all outstanding debt to the club, the Board of Directors
+            may grant Inactive Status for a period not exceeding two, (2), years. Any request for
+            extension beyond  that period shall be approved by a majority of voting members.  A
+            person on Inactive Status who does not return to Active Status on or before expiration
+            of his granted inactivity, shall be considered to have voluntarily resigned. Failure of an
+            Inactive member to maintain their financial obligations to the Club, as  defined
+            elsewhere herein, shall constitute cause for involuntary termination of membership.
+            (Revised January 2002)
+       D.   Members    in Inactive Status may not hold office. (Revised March    1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 5.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Honorary members,   as defined in [[constitution#consII1D|Article 11, Section 1D]], of the Constitution may not hold any office
+in the Club. (Revised  March  1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 6.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Associate Members,  as defined in [[constitution#consII1E|Article  II, Section 1E]] of the Constitution, may not hold any office
+in the Club. They will be required to participate in some organized activity or project of the Club to
+the extent of a minimum often,  (10), times a year. This may include any activity such  as  meetings,
+work sessions, field trips, etc., but not limited to the foregoing. They may not participate in more than
+one  half, (1/2), of all Club activities without qualifying for and applying for Active   Membership.
+(Revised March   1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 7.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Total Active (Regular, Junior, Probationary  Regular,  and Probationary  Junior)    membership in the
+Club shall be limited to thirty, (30), persons. This provision shall not act to prevent the reinstatement
+of Associate or Inactive Members,   but no new Active   memberships shall be   created while the total
+remains at thirty or more persons.  (Revised June   1989)
+</WRAP>
+====ARTICLE II- PROCESSING OF NEW MEMBERS====
+===SECTION 1.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Persons interested  in joining the Club shall contact the  Board of Directors and complete  a written
+application for membership.   Upon    approval of  the application by the   Board of Directors,  each
+candidate for Regular  Active, Associate or Junior Active membership   will be required to undergo  a
+probationary period of six, (6), months. This period shall extend from date of approval by the  Board
+of Directors to the first regular or special meeting following the end of the probationary period. This
+candidate will pay regular dues during their probationary  period  as stated in [[by_laws#section_12|Article Ill, Section 1]].
+(Revised January   2002)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 2.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Following  application and review by  the  Board of Directors,  each approved    candidate for Junior
+Active Membership  shall be required to undergo  a probationary period of six (6)  months. The period
+shall extend from  the time of acceptance   by the  Board of Directors to the first regular or special
+meeting  after the end  of  the probationary   period.   The Candidate will   pay  dues during  their
+probationary period as stated in Article Ill, Section I. (Revised January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 3.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Upon completion  of the probationary  period for candidates, the Board  of Directors shall  recommend
+acceptance  or rejection of the Candidate.  An election shall be held as described elsewhere  herein.
+(Revised March   1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 4.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+In the event of rejection of the  Candidate, all fees paid by the candidate during  the  probationary
+period shall be refunded.  (Revised  January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 5.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+An Initiation Fee of Ten Dollars, ($10.00), plus Five Dollars, ($5.00), Badge charge shall be due and
+payable within Thirty, (30), days upon election to membership   in Active categories; An initiation fee
+of Five Dollars, ($5.00), in Associate Categories. An Active Spouse Member    pays an  initiation fee of
+$6.75  (about 2/3), plus the Badge Charge.   (Revised June  1989)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 6.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Conferring of active  membership shall be subject to all other applicable provisions of these By-Laws.
+(Revised March   1977)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 7.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+At the discretion and  recommendation  of the Board of Directors, a motion may be entertained, subject
+to approval of the voting members,  for the extension of the  probationary period of any person, for a
+term not to exceed the length of  one original term.  (Revised    November 1997)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 8. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+A member     who resigns in good standing may   be  readmitted without the probationary  period  upon
+application to and     recommendation  by the  Board  of Directors  and    subsequent  approval  by a
+two-thirds, (2/3), vote of voting members present at the first regular or special meeting following the
+application. The    member will be required to pay the Ten Dollar, ($10.00), initiation fee. All previous
+months  of regular active  membership in good standings shall count toward eligibility for elected office.
+The    number of months   of previous  regular active membership   will be   declared  at the time of
+reinstatement.    (Revised November    1997)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 9.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+A member     who has  been dismissed  for cause may  be readmitted  upon application to and  approval
+by the   Board of Directors, settlement of all outstanding  obligations to the  Club,  if any, and by
+compliance  with the  provisions applicable  to  new   members   described above.   They may  not  be
+readmitted under  provisions of Section 8 above.   (Revised    November 1997)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 10.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+A Junior Active     Member shall automatically become  a   Regular  Active Member  on attaining their
+eighteenth birthday.   (Revised   January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+====ARTICLE III - FEES ====
+===SECTION 1.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+All   Members shall pay a dues fee per month.  Regular  Active dues is   Twenty Dollars, ($20.00), and
+Junior Active   dues is one-half, (1/2), of the Regular Active Member's   dues. Fees may   be paid in
+advance.   (Revised  March   1, 2022)
+</WRAP>
+===Section   2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Inactive Members  shall  pay a fee of one-half, (1/2), of one, (1), month of the Regular Active Member's
+dues  annually  payable in advance of  granting of such status, and on the anniversary of   same. See
+[[by_laws#section_4|Article 1, Section 4C]].  (Revised March 1, 2022)
+</WRAP>
+===SECTION 3.===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Associate  Members   shall pay a dues fee of one-half, (1/2), of the regular dues per month. Fees may
+be  paid in advance.   See Article I, Section 4C. (Revised  January  2002)
+</WRAP>
+====ARTICLE IV - TERMINATION OF MEMBERSHIP====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Any member    may voluntarily  terminate their   membership in good  standing by stating their intentions
+in writing to the Board of Directors, surrendering all assigned keys  and club property, and  by   paying
+all outstanding debt to the Club.  (Revised  November     1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+If, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, and a majority of the voting members,    a member,  of  any
+class, carelessly, or willfully, neglects to perform their duties and/or  maintain their responsibilities
+toward  the Club and  other members,   then, upon  passage   of a resolution to this effect, said  member
+shall be formally notified, in writing, of dereliction. A second determination of status shall be made at
+the  end of one   month following the notification. If, at that time, a two-thirds (2/3) majority of voting
+members      determines that the offending   member  has not improved  their ways, their membership    is
+terminated.    (Revised November   1997)
+</WRAP>
+==== ARTICLE V - VOTING ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+A regular active member   in  good standing  is eligible to vote when dues  are in arrears no more   than
+one, (1), month. See  [[by_laws#section_3|Article I, Section 3]]. (Revised January  2002)
+</WRAP>
+====    ARTICLE VI- DUTIES OF ELECTED OFFICERS and MEMBER-AT-LARGE ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+Elected  Officer Eligibility is as follows:
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+        A.   After being in the club as a regular active member for a period of three, (3), years one
+             will be eligible to run for any office. (January 1995)
+        B.   Candidates for President, Vice  President, Treasurer and Member-at-Large must have
+             served in an appointed capacity (i.e. Superintendent or as Secretary) for a period of
+             one calendar year before election.  (January  1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The President   will be the principle Executive Officer of the Club, and its   spokesman. The   President
+will enforce the Constitution, By-Laws,  and other rules of this Club, either directly, or through elected
+or appointed  subordinates, shall  announce  decisions   of the Board of Directors, both  administrative,
+and with respect   to Club  operations, create  special   committees as  the need arises, insure that all
+officers perform their duties, and assist them  with advice  as applicable, and  to conduct all  business
+meetings.    (Revised  November    1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 3. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The Vice-President will assume    the duties and responsibilities of the  President in the absence of the
+latter, and shall  perform  such  other  duties as the   President  from time to time  may  direct.   The
+Vice-President  shall serve as the Program   Chairman   for the Club, shall maintain a  permanent  record
+of all gifts and donations to the Club.  (Revised  January   2002)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 4. ==
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Secretary will keep permanent  minutes of all regular and special business meetings,  in triplicate;
+one  copy for the President, one  copy for the permanent   record and one  to post on the club bulletin
+board. After five, (5), calendar years or at the end of the secretary's term, whichever  comes first, all
+meeting  minutes  are to be  given to the Club Historian for permanent   safe keeping. The   Secretary
+will publish and distribute Club rosters, the Constitution and By-Laws, and ensure that each    member
+has  a copy  and will prepare all official correspondence of the Club. (Revised January   2002)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 5. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Treasurer will be responsible for the collection and safekeeping of all monies. The Treasurer will
+promptly notify  all members who fall behind   more than one month  in   payment  of dues. This officer
+will prepare and  present a quarterly financial report to the Club and issue payment for all purchases
+made    under authority of these By-Laws.   (Revised January 2002)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 6. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Member-at-Large    represents  the general   membership  at  Board  of Directors  Meetings.  This
+officer keeps attendance  and status records of the general membership,   accepts and  processes   new
+membership    applications, as well as notifications of intent to go inactive etc. (January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 7. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The   Board  of Directors will make all decisions pertaining to the operation of the Club, discipline,
+relationships to  other persons  and organizations,  and all other  actions normally   applicable to a
+governing  Board of Directors when the Club is  not in business session as a Committee  of the  Whole.
+The   greater part of the responsibility for the welfare of the organization is reposed in this group of
+officers. The Board of Directors will have the duty to appoint all superintendents except the  General
+Superintendent.   (Revised   November  1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 8. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Whenever   the Board  of Directors meet, notes shall be taken of the meeting and posted on the bulletin
+board  for thirty, (30), days, after which they will  become notes of the  next Regularly    Scheduled
+Quarterly   Business Meeting.    (Revised January  1995)
+</WRAP>
+====    ARTICLE VII- DUTIES OF APPOINTED OFFICERS ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The   General Superintendent  will be responsible for the overall performance of the organization as a
+Model  Railroad,  both in construction and operating phases. The   General  Superintendent will directly
+supervise the Division, Branch,  and  Staff Superintendents in the performance  of their duties and will
+be  in over-all control during operating sessions.  (Revised January  1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Division and Branch  Superintendents  will  be responsible for the entire area under their control
+and will prepare, plan,  construct and maintain trackage,   scenery and   other salient features of the
+layout.  They will maintain current work assignments for all  members under their control and will take
+steps to insure  satisfactory performance  of work.  They are   responsible that their areas will be in
+ready  condition for all operating sessions. (Revised  March 1977)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 3. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Rolling   Stock Superintendent will insure that  the Club's rolling stock is maintained  in  good
+operating order. The  Rolling  Stock  Superintendent will be  responsible for  acceptance of all stock
+donated  to the  Club, and that it meets all standards. Will assemble, or cause to be assembled,   the
+establishment  and maintenance   of Club rolling stock paint schemes and lettering. (Revised   January
+)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 4. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Motive Power  Superintendent  will inspect and  test each locomotive to  be operated on  the club
+layout certifying that said locomotive meets the  minimum requirements  of the club. The Motive  Power
+Superintendent  will have the  power to approve or reject an engine for operation and that decision is
+final.  The motive power    superintendent will maintain a roster of approved engines, will ensure that
+each member    has at  least one approved locomotive, and will issue Cincinnati  Northern   Locomotive
+roster numbers  to member     owned Cincinnati  Northern Locomotives.   No locomotive may   be  placed
+on the   layout for an operating session   without approval  from the  motive power    superintendent.
+(Revised January   1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 5. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The  Structure  Superintendent will be responsible for the planning, construction, and maintenance  of
+structures. No  structure may  be   constructed  without approval  from the structure  superintendent.
+Structures  may  not be placed on  the layout without inspection by and  approval from  the  Structure
+Superintendent.    (Revised  March   1977)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 6. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The   Board of Directors shall have the right to appoint, as needed, such other Staff  Superintendents
+as   may be needed   to carry out the functions of building and operating the Club  layout.   (Revised
+November    1997)
+</WRAP>
+====    ARTICLE VIII - IMPEACHMENT ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Any  elected officer may, for cause, be    impeached  and removed   from office. If, in the opinion of a
+majority of voting members    an officer is negligent, or willfully fails to perform appointed duty, the
+officer may be  withdrawn in the following manner.   The majority shall adopt a resolution to the effect
+that the officer fails to perform duties satisfactorily and shall promptly notify the officer in writing, of
+their action. If, after a period of one month, the majority of voting members decides that the officer
+has  not improved  performance   a  second majority  vote shall  remove that office from office. Action
+under  this Article shall not prevent a  member from  being expelled under provisions of  Article IV of
+these  By-Laws, if such action is merited in addition to  impeachment.  (Revised  January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+====    ARTICLE IX - PURCHASES ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The   Board of Directors, acting on its own responsibility, shall have the authority to authorize
+purchases   in value up to One Hundred    Twenty-Five Dollars ($125.00) without prior approval.
+(Revised  August  2015)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Superintendents  shall  have  authority to authorize  purchases   of construction   and   maintenance
+supplies to the value of Twenty-Five Dollars, ($25.00), without prior approval.  (Revised July  1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 3.  ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+All single purchases in excess of the values  stated  in Sections 1 and 2  above shall  be made  only
+upon approval of a majority of voting members.   (Revised  March   1977)
+</WRAP>
+==== SECTION      4. (Added    December     7, 2021) ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Unless  so authorized by the Board of Directors, and  approved  by   membership, no Officer, agent or
+employee  shall have any power   or authority to bind the Corporation by any contract or   engagement
+or to pledge its credit or render it liable for any purpose or to any amount.
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+        A.   Contracts  - The Board   may authorize any Officer or Officers, agent or agents, in addition to
+             those specified in  these By-Laws,  to enter  into any contract or execute    and deliver any
+             instrument  in the name  of and on behalf of the Corporation,  as contract or instrument  has
+             been  approved  by  the   membership,  and  such   authority may  be general  or  confined to
+             specific instances as  approved by   membership.
+        B.   Investments  -  The funds of the  Corporation may  be  retained in whole or in part in cash or
+             be  invested and  reinvested from time to time in such property, real, personal or otherwise,
+             or stocks,   bonds  or other securities,  by the  Board of  Directors,  as  approved   by the
+             membership,   as may    deem desirable,  and  such authority  may be general  or  confined to
+             specific instances as  approved by   membership.
+</WRAP>
+==== ARTICLE X - CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+No member   shall  operate or handle equipment    and other  property  belonging to another    member
+without prior approval, excepting that the placing of locomotives   and rolling stock on the layout in
+preparation for  operating  sessions  shall constitute  implied permission   to operate   same  in  a
+responsible   manner.  (Revised   March 1977)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Members,   by accepting such status, indicate willingness  to observe all rules and regulations of the
+Club,  and to conduct   themselves   in a responsible   and  acceptable   manner  while on the   Club
+premises, or while  engaged in a Club activity elsewhere. Gross infraction of the letter or spirit of this
+provision shall constitute grounds for punitive action by the Board of Directors against the offending
+member,  including, but not confined to fines and/or suspension.  Continued   disregard for the safety
+or sensibilities of members shall constitute  ground for action under [[by_laws#section_23|Article IV, Section 2]], of these
+By-Laws.    (Revised November    1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 3. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+No member   shall  make any major  modifications of the layout without prior approval of the Board of
+Directors. No member  shall make  any change  that will remove a portion  of the layout from operating
+status without prior approval of the Superintendent.  (Revised  November   1997)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 4. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Members    shall at all times practice care in their treatment of the physical facilities of the Club rooms,
+which  are not Club   property. The last person off the premises   during any session is  responsible for
+turning  off lights, heat, layout 110V outlet power,  and   disconnecting any device  that might cause  a
+fire if left unattended, and appropriately locking all required facilities. (Revised  January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 5. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Members    are responsible  for the conduct  of any  guests they   may bring to the  premises.   (Revised
+March  1977)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 6. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Only  Regular  Active Members   shall be  entrusted with keys to the Club rooms, however,  this privilege
+may    be extended  to Associate    Members, on   an individual basis, at the discretion of the Board  of
+Directors.    (Revised November    1997)
+</WRAP>
+<BOOKMARK:bylawXI1>
+====    ARTICLE XI- MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Each  Regular  Active  Member,  within six, (6), month of their election, shall permanently donate to the
+Club  one of the following:
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+) Twenty Dollars, ($20.00), in cash,
+) Five, (5), pieces of rolling stock,
+) An equivalent  value in structure(s),
+) Any combination  of the preceding  with its approved  equivalent.
+</WRAP>
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+The   member   shall consult the Rolling  Stock or Structure   Superintendent prior to  making  donations
+and  shall not make  a donation  without  prior approval. Active   spouse members   are to  be   exempted
+from  having to  donate the above.   (Revised   January  1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 2. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Each  Associate     member, within six, (6),  months of their election, shall permanently   donate to the
+Club  one of the item(s) as mentioned   in [[by_laws#section_110|Article XI, Section 1.]] (Revised    January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+=== SECTION 3. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+Each  Associate      member applying for their first Active Membership is required to pay  the difference
+in Initiation fee between an active membership    and  an associate    membership. Additionally, they will
+meet  with the six, (6), month obligations of a regular active  member with regards to  [[by_laws#section_110|Article XI, Section 1.]]    (Revised January 1995)
+</WRAP>
+====    ARTICLE XII - AMENDMENTS ====
+=== SECTION 1. ===
+<WRAP box #id width :language>
+These  By-Laws     may be amended   at any meeting  of the Club by a two-thirds, (2/3), vote of the voting
+members    present.  (Revised   March  1977)
+</WRAP>
+The Cincinnati Northern                                                                              By-Laws
+Model Railroad Club, Inc.                                                                  Revised March 2022